"Living in Three Dimensions"  by Andrew Grant


The importance of real teams

“Teams are here to stay. We cannot avoid them. Most of life is now too complicated to be dealt with by one woman or one man on their own. A good team is a great place to be – exciting, stimulating, supportive, successful. A bad team is horrible, a sort of human prison. We can make teams good if we understand them – they seldom happen that way by chance.”
Charles Handy

Is this book for me?

This book is for anyone who has to work and/or live with other people. Most importantly, it is for people who would like to live and work in groups effectively and productively.

It is for those who would like to achieve something as individuals and as a group, knowing they are able to get the job done correctly and to the best of their ability, knowing they are appreciated for their efforts, and knowing the satisfaction of the tremendous potential outcomes of a combined effort.

Very few people live or work completely in isolation, so most people will, at some stage, need to consider how they can best get on with others. But unlike so many other areas of our lives, we are mostly ill-prepared for the challenges of developing positive group relationships. Although one needs lessons and a licence to drive a vehicle, for example, there is little preparation and awareness when it comes to driving a team or working together.

More often than not, when a group of people have to work together, that group is left to its own devices. If any pressure is placed on the group, they can end up spending more time trying to deal with potential problems than achieving. Groups can so easily become counterproductive if they are not handled appropriately.


Bringing together a group of people who have had little contact with each other or few positive experiences can be a great challenge. But helping these same groups to use their combined talents to full potential is highly satisfying.

Driving the team

A group may be you and your partner, or the whole family unit. It might be the people you sit next to at work, a project team, or the entire company.

Whatever groups you may be living in and working with, there are some very important principles that will help you learn to get on together. Instead of spending time creating stress, you can be productive and enjoy the group process, and have everyone benefit from the experience.

The by-product of this is that whenever you are with the group, you will want to be there and you will look forward spending time in this environment. In a home situation, this will translate into improved relationships and mutual support. In a work situation, the same improved relationships will result, which should also translate into increased effectiveness and ultimately improved productivity. It creates a win/win situation all round.

Even better: If you can learn to see what makes your group work together, then you can help foster and nurture that group, steering them away from potential danger and towards practical goal achievement.

Working with a team is an art. Steering a team through the obstacles that lie ahead and doing it in a way that is both efficient and considerate is not easy. There are so many different ways of responding and behaving, and each of us carries a lifetime of values and experiences that have shaped the ways we behave long before we get together.

Pulling in one direction

On a simple level, it is fascinating to watch a group of people go on a rafting trip down river rapids together. At the start of the journey paddles are flying in all directions, and although each group member may be furiously paddling, they can all be pulling in different directions. Until they have learnt to coordinate their efforts and aim in the same direction, the raft can end up spinning around or helplessly drifting down dangerous sections of the river. So much effort may go into such an exercise, but the group can end up going nowhere.

As a rafting group becomes forced by the external circumstances (such as the river current) to work together, they soon have to stop and re group to discuss the best approach – or at least find ways individually to try to coordinate their attempts. By the end of the river the transformation is often amazing. The group is usually expending less energy, and yet the raft is moving much faster and with greater accuracy to navigate difficult rapids. All are paddling in the same direction. Their efforts have become coordinated. They have placed the most suitable people in the best positions to take advantage of each person’s unique skills, and they learn to respect these positions. They have become more of a team.

It is interesting to note that whether the group members know each other well or not usually means little in terms of their combined performance. In such circumstances all still needed to re-group and work through particular issues and the general stages of development that will help them to become a team.

One of the key issues is that although the group members are all under pressure due to the innate stresses of the environment, they quickly become focussed in a way that surprises them. The need for politicking, bickering, and vying for power simply doesn’t exist.

Identifying the X-Factor

After an experience such as this, we like to challenge groups to identify what it was that made them start to perform as a team for the journey. We then encourage the extra step, of considering how they can try to re-create the same conditions back in their regular living or working environment.

There are no quick formulas for encouraging people to work together, as there can be too many varying contributing factors. However, if a group of people can work out what made them a team in one instance, then they can try to isolate the x-factor that allowed for this, and start to apply it elsewhere. Those who have become aware of the process of transformation during the trip are often taken through an experience they never forget, and many have been able to replicate the positive experience in other areas of their lives.

Anyone can get on with others if they think similarly to the other person, if the environment is conducive, or if they want something from the other person. But we often find our time with people is under some type of pressure, and we end up tending to dwell on the problems that emerge under pressure rather than the possible positive elements and they end up weighing heavily on us.

The need to develop teams

Underlying currents

“The process and of how we create maps and mental models is usually tacit, existing below the level of awareness, often untested and unexamined. They are invisible till we look for them.” Senge, The Fifth Dimension

Whenever a group is together there are deeper dynamics and governing principles, underlying currents and strong rips that only the trained and experienced eye can see.

The ocean may look calm from the beach to an untrained eye. The lifeguard, however, often sees something different. S/he can see the currents and the safe zones, and can alert others to them. A good ocean sports enthusiast can not only see these currents, but even use the rips to their advantage. The novice who is unaware of the underwater environment, however, can be in danger of drowning. 

A team will drown if there are no experienced lifeguards. Conversely, a team will flourish if there are individuals who can identify the currents and use them to the group’s advantage. It’s all about having the experience to see and act.

Sink or swim

This book is about helping you see what is going on beneath the surface of a group’s functioning. It is about learning how to harness the energy of the work team, the family, the community, or the company to bring about positive results. It is about learning to use any potentially threatening situations to the advantage of the group, and learning to work with people who may have a completely different view point to your own.

Most of all, we hope to help you understand your environment, the group of people that you end up spending time with – even those who may annoy or frustrate you.

This is not a “Ten steps to creating great groups”, it is a book that is designed to help you understand people. When we understand people we will have the confidence to rise to any situation required of us. Instead of being threatened by those around us, we become able to harness our own and others’ strengths and pull them together, inspiring the group to work together to create a happier more productive environment and higher performance teams.

 

To do this we want to challenge your perceptions about groups and individual and group behaviours, and ask that read the book with an open mind. We want you to open up new possibilities for thinking about other people, people who may see things differently to you.

From tolerance to trust

This process should not be threatening, rather it should be enlightening. Once you can learn to see how other people see a situation and can learn to empathise with them, you are half way there. Tolerance is the first step, and this can soon lead to trust and respect. This is not a tolerance for ineffectiveness and inefficiency, but a tolerance that comes from appreciating that people are different.

Unfortunately we often end up feeling so threatened by differences that we end up creating unnecessary barriers. Instead of trying to make everyone like us (to satisfy our own needs for security), we need to realise that if treated carefully, we can actually make these differences a source of strength for the group. This is by no means an easy process, as all of us carry so much emotional baggage with us.

More often than not we will need to shift our paradigm to a new model and new analogy to help us achieve this. This requires courage to let go of the old and embrace the new.

Work has become an all-consuming part of our daily lives. So often, in this environment, we are forced to work together with people we may not otherwise have chosen to be with, and there is always and added pressure to perform.  Many of our examples will come from this area. However one of the most rewarding times is when we go to give a seminar on conflict resolution to a company and people come up at the end and say thankyou that has not only helped my work situation but my marriage. The principles are the same as it is the mindset the choice of metaphors the attitude that determines much of our state.

We have been fortunate to work with thousands of people from some of the largest and most successful companies around and in varying industries and at all levels and from many different cultures. We have been equally privileged to work with the smallest of tribal villages that have had little exposure to our way of life. We have listened to CEOs and directors in their fancy boardrooms and to kids in an Orphanage in El Salvador in the middle of the civil war. We have dined with the rich and famous from Hollywood and with displaced families in the rubbish dumps of Mexico City. The beauty of this is that we have been looking for common threads of what it is for people to work together, to cooperate to cope with any situation that is presented to them and come out victors. The value systems and attitudes we have encountered and exposure to such a variety of groups has given us great insight into how people can learn to work together.

Why build villages?

Getting smaller

The recent trend has been to expand, to grow, to be able to demonstrate your immense wealth and power through size. But that trend is changing. Through necessity, and through a realisation that success is not necessarily size related, individuals are simplifying and organizations are downsizing rather than inflating.

Those we are most impressed by are now becoming the ones who have no baggage or unnecessary accessories, who can travel the lightest and fastest. We admire those who are able to keep abreast of change and take advantage of the change process, those who are independent, who rely on strong strategic networks rather than hoarding the resources.

A new approach to organisational development requires a new outlook, and a new conceptual framework. It is time to stop trying to build empires through an emphasis on the growth of physical assets. It's time to get back to basics, to focus on developing an organizations greatest resource - the people - and to do that by ensuring internal structures are small enough and intimate enough to allow for the individual and to encourage communication and positive relationships.

Common team metaphors

"Human beings are analogical animals; we explore the unknown by probing it with images of the known. We use metaphors to transfer meaning from one domain to another and create connections between distant points, weaving them into a single integrated structure. What we call understanding usually means finding the metaphor that connects the unfamiliar with the familiar." Rivers

Throughout this book we will look at the importance of considering how we see things, or to be even more precise, how we choose to see things. The way we as humans choose our metaphors, to an extent, dictates and limits the way we can embrace an idea.  Poor metaphors perpetuate associations that are stagnant, superficial or destructive. Rich metaphors drive our insight deeper. We must, therefore, search for quality in our metaphors.

The 21st century village

Organic growth

The concept we are promoting is based on that of communities, on the form of traditional village life.

This concept has been borne from our experiences throughout Asia and Central America, observing and participating in the ways ideal traditional communities often interact and support each other.

Villages are living organisms that have set structures based on deeper principles, but that must adapt and change with the ever-changing needs and issues of the villagers. Villagers generally need to be committed to each other, but they are not necessarily permanently binding forces. They are small enough so that most people know each other, but can be big enough so that there are a number of different connections and relationships at work.

Historically the average traditional village was no more than 150 or so people in size. It's fascinating to discover that the average personal phone directory has approximately 150 entries in it. Apparently, that is about the social size that we can cope with, that we can effectively network with. It is difficult to expect individuals to really feel connected to an organization that extends in numbers much beyond this, unless it is divided up into manageable community-sized units.

A village is at its best a self-supporting community, which adapts in response to the local environment, which maintains the ecological balance of that environment. It is an organic living community of people who depend on each other and depend on their environment.

“Regardless of the specific ups and downs of recent social and economic change, we have simply not yet had enough time to adapt to the cataclysmic changes in our way of life wrought by the Industrial Revolution. – changes which saw the population move from the relative security of life in a hunter gatherer village to a very different way of life in the vast suburbs that sprang up around industrial towns and cities. The well established rhythm of pastoral and agricultural life gave the inhabitants of a village the psychological comfort not only of living in a relatively stable social network, but also the reassurance of living in direct relationship with the land that sustained them. Suburban life, by contrast, is characterised by fragmentation of extended families, the mobility of population, the separation of work and home, and the removal of any direct sense of dependency on the land… Isolated in our suburban homes an apartments, coming and going in the sealed capsules of the motorcar, we have paid a high emotional price for our material comfort." Mackay

excerpt from "Living in Three Dimensions". by Andrew Grant

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